1دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه مازندران
2دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه مازندران
چکیده
عشق فردگرا از اساسی ترین مضامین در شعر رمانتیک است. تجدد گرایی که از دوره ی پهلوی در ایران نهادینه می شود این مضمون را نیز تحت الشعاع خود قرار می دهد و به تبع آن، برخی از شاعران دچار نوگرایی در این حوزه می گردند. نیما یوشیج، نادر نادرپور و فروغ فرخزاد از شاعران رمانتی سیسم فردگرا در عصر پهلوی هستند که عشق، در اشعار آنها بسیار برجسته است. نویسندگان، به شیوه ی تحلیل محتوا، ضمن بیان ماهیت عشق، جلوه هایی از عشق مدرن را در سروده هایشان برشمرده و مورد تحلیل قرار داده اند. مهمترین این جلوه ها عبارت است از: برخورد طبیعی با عشق و معشوق و رو آوردن به معشوق طبیعی، نقد عشق کهن، توجه به معشوق درونی (اثیری و افسانه ای)، نقد عشق کهن، اروتیسم، عقده ی عشق، صراحت گفتار در عشق ورزی به مرد، توهم معشوق، مغازله با طبیعت و عشق آزاد.
Manifestations of Modern Love in Contemporary Romantic Poetry Emphasizing on the Poems of Nima Yooshij, Forough Farrokhzad and Nader Naderpour
نویسندگان [English]
sara Zare Jirhandeh1؛ GholamReza Pirooz2
1Ph.D Student of Persian Language and Literature Dept, University of Mazandara
2Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature Dept, University of Mazandaran
چکیده [English]
Abstract
Individual love is among the most basic themes of Romantic Poetry. Modernism which started from Pahlavi period in Iran influenced this theme; thus, some new poets tend to new concepts. Nima Yushij, Nader Nadeepour, and Foroogh Farrokhzad are Individual Romantic poets in Pahlavi period in whose works the concept of love us dominant. These poets used content analysis, along with the nature of live, to compose some aspects of modern love in their poetry. From among the most important aspects, natural treatment with love and beloved and tendency to natural beloved, criticizing old love, paying attention to internal beloved (ethereal and magical), eroticism, love complex, clarity in evincing love to man, hallucination of beloved, loving nature and free love can be seen.
The policy of modernism and similarity to European culture has been consolidated since the period of Rezakhan. This era is the era of the growth of individual romanticism. Love embraces vital signs of modernity as the most important theme in romantic poetry. Love, in the idea of ancient poet, is divided into two different categories of real and virtual love. In contemporary poetry, the contrast between the two is put aside and human is regarded as a species whose body and soul are not separated. This response causes a natural approach of the poets to humans and thus to love and beloved. A classic Love Poet, who has always put beloved in the aura of ambiguity and generalization because of unhappy virtual love to real love and kept his natural intention of a romantic relationship quiet, through contemporary poetry, by Nima as the forerunner in “Manzomeh Afsane,” beloved is taken into consideration. Dialectic atmosphere governing legends, gives it the ancient lover sound. Nima’s critique to ancient love in Afsaneh is, in fact, an attack to new viewpoints and traditions about love. Turning to inner lover, either to Ethereal beloved of the European psychoanalysis of twentieth century or a lover of legendary time and location, desirable for romantic modernism, are among other modern themes of love in Nima. The authors, through content analysis, have reviewed the nature and effects of modernity in the poetry of Nader Naderpour and Forough Farrokhzad, in addition to those of Nima, who championed this arena. Some of these effects in Naderpour's poetry can be outlined as follows:
Natural encounters with love and beloved, paying attention to the inner and mental beloved, love complex, erotism, free love, involving in nature
These effects in the poem of Forough are as follows:
Natural encounters with love and beloved, explicit speech in love to the man, the legendary beloved, the illusion of love, free love, erotism, involving in nature
Through these effects, the descending order of the love can be traced. As love gets away from the period of Nima, it gets closer to the adverse effects of modernity including free love, erotism, anger and escape from the human lover and introspection and hallucination and dreaming
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