Analysis of the story of Homay and Homayun based on Sternberg's ideas

According to Sternberg In his opinion, passion, intimacy, and commitment are the main pillars of the triangle of love, and the combination of these three pillars forms the types of love. In this research, which is a descriptive-analytical study the data collection has been carried out in the form of library studies, and dedicated to the components of love in Khaju Kermani's Homay and Homayun based on Robert Sternberg's views. In this article, after a brief explanation of Sternberg's three pyramids of love, we have cited examples from Khaju Kermani in Homay and Homayun in order to find out the nature of love in Homay and Homayun based on Sternberg's components of love and to find out what the pattern of relationships between the characters in the story's lyrical system of Homay and Homayun is like according to Sternberg's theory of the triangle of love. The results study show that the patterns in relationships of the characters in the story correspond to the components of Sternberg's love triangle. In the romantic relationships of the important characters in the story , all the components of Sternberg's triangle of love are present, and each of the romantic relationships is durable and stable.
 
Extended abstract
 
1. Introduction
One of the most challenging research areas regarding human emotions is the subject of “love”. The work “Homay and Homayun” by Kajuye Kermani (753-689) is a work that presents a rich picture of human experience by narrating a romantic bond in a context mixed with events.
In contemporary times, new psychological theories can provide a new perspective for understanding the emotional and semantic layers of classical texts. One of these theories is the “Triangular theory of love” of Robert J. Sternberg, a prominent American psychologist. In 1987, he presented the “Triangular theory of love” in which love is described as a triangle whose three sides are formed by the components: “intimacy”, “passion” and “commitment”, and the combination of these sides explains the types of love (Sternberg, 1987: 123). Since psychological analysis of literary works can help clarify the semantic layers of the story, the present study seeks to investigate the system of “Homay and Homayun” based on Sternberg's ideas and to understand the extent to which the poem conforms to the theory and to show how and to what extent each of the three components of love is present in the narrative and ultimately what patterns of love are formed in the text. Such a view not only helps to reread one of the important texts of Persian literature from a psychological perspective, but also provides a basis for the connection between literature and psychology.
 

Research method

This research was done by descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources.
 

Discussion

Sternberg's "Triangular theory of love" analyzes the system of love and the relationships that govern it. The elements of the love triangle are: passion, intimacy, and commitment. Sternberg recognizes the passion component as arising from psycho-physiological arousal; the intimacy component also oversees the emotional aspects of relationships and refers to closeness and feelings of dependence in friendly relationships; and the commitment component is "the cognitive component of love and indicates a stable relationship" (Sternberg, 1986: 119).
 Sternberg identified eight types of love based on the combination of these three elements, which are: pretend, empathy, infatuation, emptiness, romantic, companionate, naive, and idealistic (Sternberg & Barnes, 1988: 69).Sternberg has identified eight types of love based on the combination of these three elements, which are: Non-love, liking, infatuated love, empty love, romantic love, companionate love, fatuous love, and consummate love (Sternberg & Barnes, 1988: 69).
 In the poem "Homay and Homayun", the main pillars of Sternberg's love triangle, namely passion, intimacy and commitment, have been appeared in various ways in the story. The primary component of the loves that are observed in the characters of the story (both main and secondary) is initially "passion". In the main story, namely the love of Homay and Homayun, over the course of events and time, the components of "intimacy" and "commitment" are also added to the relationship; however, in the secondary stories, only the components of "passion" and "commitment" exist and the component of "intimacy" is not observed. In the aforementioned poetic system, among the eight types of love in Sternberg's system, the loves of: Infatuated love, romantic, fatuous love and consummate love are observed, and there is no sign of the loves of: liking, non-love, empty and companionate.
The type of love in the main story (the love of Homay and Homayun) is initially of the type of "infatuated love" and is actually an example of arousal by physical and bodily factors, but gradually, with the addition of the component of "intimacy", it becomes "romantic love", and finally, with the addition of the component of "commitment," it becomes " consummate love". The type of love in the sub-stories (Behzad and Azarafrouz's love; Fahrshah and Shamse Khavari's love; Farinoosh and Parizad's love) is initially of the type of "infatuated love" and then turns into "fatuous love. "
Based on Sternberg's theory, through the narratives of the poem "Homay and Homayun", it can be seen that in Khajuye Kermani's ideological system, the components of "passion" and "commitment" are more prominent than the component of " Intimacy " for establishing emotional and romantic relationships. All the characters in the story, whether main or secondary, initially have great enthusiasm for reaching their beloved, and their love is based on statements focused on the body, and in the end, after overcoming obstacles and difficulties, the relationship ends in marriage with the dominance of the component of "commitment".
 
4- Conclusion
The results of the research indicate that in the poet of "Homay and Homayun" by Kajuye Kermani, the romantic relationship in the main story, the story of Homay and Homayun, begins with the component of "passion" and develops with the components of "intimacy" and "commitment"; however, in the sub-stories, the story begins with "passion" and ends with "commitment" and the component of "intimacy" is not observed; this indicates the importance of the component of "commitment" and the desire for stability in romantic relationships from the perspective of Kajuye Kermani and in Iranian-Islamic culture. Among the components, the component of "passion" has a higher frequency in the aforementioned poet. Among the types of love, " infatuated ", "romantic", " fatuous " and " consummate " love are reflected, and "infatuated" is more prominent. There is no mention of other types of love, namely: "liking", "non-love", "empty", and "companionate".
 
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