بررسی روانشناختی عنصر عشق در رمان یک عاشقانۀ آرام اثر نادر ابراهیمی با تأکید بر نظریۀ کنش کامل کارل راجرز

Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, proposed five key components in his theory to define the concept of the fully functioning person, emphasizing individuals’ experiential fields. This study, employing Rogers’ framework, critically analyzes Nader Ebrahimi’s novel *A Quiet Love* through a descriptive-analytical approach, addressing the question: How does love in *A Quiet Love* correspond with Rogers’ concept of the fully functioning person? The findings indicate that openness to experience plays a crucial role in maintaining the freshness of love in the novel. Love is inherently tied to the organismic nature of individuals, reflecting innate human emotions. The novel highlights a strong inclination toward freedom, particularly in the beloved’s actions, emphasizing that love must unfold within a framework of respect for individual differences. The romantic perspective on life’s simple and ordinary moments, in line with Rogers’ model, signifies a life-affirming approach to love within the narrative of the Iranian couple. Furthermore, creativity, regarded as the most mature behavioral characteristic in the fully functioning person, manifests in various ways in their romantic relationship. Ultimately, love in *A Quiet Love* exhibits a meaningful connection with humanistic thought,
 
Extended abstract
 
1. Introduction
The element of love has long been a common and challenging issue in literature and psychology, and writers in both fields have presented distinct perspectives on this matter. Meanwhile, the literary genre of the novel, due to the presence of different and diverse types of fictional characters, is a favorable environment for the emergence of the element of love in interpersonal relationships of human beings. "A Quiet Lover" by Nader Ebrahimi is a realistic novel that deals with the element of love and its role in individual and social life and explores the hidden angles of this genuine human feeling to present a pristine and original image of love. A Quiet Lover narrates the life of an Iranian couple from the time they met and before marriage to middle age and old age. The present study seeks to answer this specific question: What are the characteristics of transcendent love in the novel A Quiet Lover, based on Rogers' theory?
 
2- Research Methodology
The present study, first of all, introduces Carl Rogers' theory and the branches of perfect action using an analytical-descriptive method and relying on primary psychological sources; then, it examines and psychologically criticizes the element of romantic discourse that dominates Aram Ibrahimi's novel A Quiet Lover, relying on Carl Rogers' views in the perfect action model.
 
 
3-Discussion
Love in the novel A Quiet Lover has a direct connection with the spirit of experience of the main characters of the novel (Honey and Gilehmard). Rogers writes about experience and its connection with the good life: “The process of living a good life is not a life for the timid; it involves further development and growth and the courage to be” (Rogers, 1961:96). Gilehmard emphasizes in explaining and describing the characteristics of love that the passage of time cannot diminish the luster of love; because if a new loving experience is added to life every day. Asal also considers the stability of love to be the continuity of emotional experience. He believes that if love remains in the form of a set of passive reminders and is separated from the living flow of experience; it loses its true nature. By emphasizing the fluid experience of love, he prevents feelings and emotions from being confined within a static framework. The romantic discourse of the novel observes the efforts of the main characters of the novel to maintain the freshness and freshness of love. Asal and Gilehmard, side by side, free themselves from everything that is outdated in their pursuit of “creating an inner order based on meaningful experiences” (Rogers, 2010: 39). Getting rid of old memories or old and outdated objects is an indication of the emotions experienced by the Iranian couple in the novel, a calm lover, and their conscious effort to continue the warmth of love: “A completely serious house-shaking, a house-shaking, to throw away everything that is outdated” (Ebrahimi, 2017: 71). According to the model of complete action, individual feelings and emotions are the greatest achievement of each person in his life; Emotions that differ from each other based on the experimental field of individuals and lead to a unique perspective of individuals towards life. Since the main theme in the novel is a quiet romance, the element of love, as one of the most important human emotions; it is obvious that the characters in the novel portray a coherent set of inner emotions throughout the text and have a specific emotional and emotional action towards the events of the novel. According to Rogers' model, those with complete action generally live in the moment and pay attention to all aspects of life. These individuals appreciate each and every moment of life and in order to feel happy or fortunate; a simple and natural look at the minor matters of life is also prominent in Asal's action. The phenomena of the universe, in Asal's view, are meaningful and linked to her authentic experience of life. She lives in the moment and makes the most of simple natural elements. Therefore, the emotion of love in the novel A Quiet Lover is connected and proportionate to very simple things in the lives of ordinary people. Ebrahimi reminds us from Gilehmard's words that moments that may seem simple and insignificant should not be underestimated; the desire for freedom from the behavioral characteristics of those who act completely corresponds to Rogers' model. Accordingly, the person must be free from dependence to express their ideas freely (Lawrence, 1993: 215). In various cases of the novel A Quiet Lover, the desire for free and liberated action is observed. Asal and Gilehmard - whose love life narrative is the main theme in this novel - depict the desire for freedom, freedom and choice in most situations of the text; love in the novel A Quiet Lover is defined in a context of freedom, freedom and choice. Regarding creative power, Rogers believes that creativity causes a person to be unbiased about their own assets and, if necessary, to be flexible and use an appropriate method to achieve results (Rogers, 2010: 24). In the love life of Asal and Gilehmard, there are various cases of creative behavior, innovation, and positive change. Love in the novel A Quiet Lover is a creative element that stems from their inherent capabilities; not predetermined teachings and previous assumptions
 
 4-Conclusion
Based on the results of this research, love in A Quiet Lover plays a central role in the formation of the novel's discourse and acts as a fundamental force in the narrative structure. Gilehmard and Asal, the main characters of the novel, experience love as a distinct psychological construct in line with individual evolution and growth with an active approach. According to Rogers' model, love in this novel is a phenomenon influenced by the organic nature of man and is formed in the context of emotions such as longing and shame. The natural emotions of the human species determine the path of internal development of the main characters of the novel. Gilehmard, by realizing his true self, and Asal, by expressing his feelings without embellishment, interpret love in connection with the natural life of man and depict it as a reflection of the process of self-knowledge and self-acceptance. Based on Rogers' model, the desire for freedom and autonomy is the characteristic feature of the beloved in this novel. Asal, while being affectionate towards Gilehmard, emphasizes principles such as maintaining individual independence in romantic relationships and tries to create a balance between emotional dependence and free will. In Gilehmard's thought, the connection between love and freedom is defined in a social and political concept and serves social ideals; something that takes love beyond a purely individual level and turns it into a platform for social activism. Experience is another behavioral characteristic of the Iranian couple in love in this novel, and it causes Asal and Gilehmard to protect the freshness and freshness of love over time by inventing and innovating in the conventional affairs of life. In this sense, love in the novel is depicted as a dynamic process that continues based on new and continuous romantic experiences in the interpersonal relationships of the Iranian couple. Creativity is a means of escaping from traditional and imposed molds in the lives of the main characters in the novel. Using their creative power, Asal and Gilehmard take steps towards personal and social transformation and find new ways to live in the face of external limitations. The results of the present study show that love in a quiet romance, as a possibility for social change, guides the main characters of the novel towards flourishing and realizing complete action; love in this novel has a meaningful connection with humanistic components such as freedom, human originality, and self-acceptance, and as a constructive force, it is influential in social and interpersonal relationships
 
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