ارتباط تصاویر حیوانی با عاطفه، روحیات و باورهای خاقانی

Abstract
As a poet, Khaghani had a great desire for illustration, and in this regard, he has used a wide range of concrete and abstract elements. One of these widely used elements in constructing images of his odes includes using different animal species. In this analytical study, the position of animals in Khaghani's odes was investigated. Noteworthy that in general, he has provided 1,177 images based on the descriptive- functional form of 86 different animal species. Among them, in terms of frequency, the chicken, the horse, the dog, the lion, and the snake were respectively the most used animals. The poet's use of animal images is not in conventional and prefabricated. In fact, at times, the poet has provided so fresh and weird descriptions of animals like the lion, the dog, and the elephant that have greatly enhanced the themes of his poems. The main question of the research is to examine the relationship between the image of animals and the poet's emotions, moods and beliefs.
1. Introduction
Using animals has a long history in various periods of Persian poetry. Regarding Khaghani, undoubtedly, it can be claimed that he has got a realy vast approach for using different wild and domestic animals including birds, insects, and aquatic in a way that in 132 odes, he has portrayed 1177 pictures based on applying one of these different animals. In this research, the position and role of animals in the images of Khaghani's odes have been analyzed. In this regard, the most important elements of imagery, namely simile and metaphor, have been studied. In Khaghani's odes, animals are mostly used in the role of "similar to". In fact, of a total of 1177 images, one of the animals is mentioned as simile. The second significant method of imagery is metaphor which is actually a more concise and brief form of simile. In total, of 1177 images of animals used by Khaghani,  795 similes and 382 metaphors have been used.
2. Research methodology
The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, after studying the relevant library references, all the images presented based on the use of the name of animals in the odes were classified and examined.
3. Discussion
Above all animals, Khaghani has considered birds. In general, he has provided 351 illustrations based on the names of 30 different birds. Among these various species of birds, "chicken" has received the most attention in such a way that it has been used 91 times in the construction of images of the bird. After the chicken, he had paid special attention to the falcon with a frequency of 42. The third most widely used bird is the dove. In fact, above all other elements, with a frequency of 9, the poet has likened himself the dove. Also, in Khaghani's odes, 23 different species of wild animals are used and 300 images of them are presented. Among these, the "snake" with 71 frequencies is the mostly used one. In second place is the image of the "lion". The unique feature of the image of the "lion" in Khaghani's odes is that he has the most metaphorical use of this animal. The third most widely used wild animal is the elephant, which has 29 images.
The poet has provided 261 images of 11 species of domestic animals among which the highest frequency (n=89) belongs to the "horse". The visual feature of this animal in Khaghani's odes is that it is more "similar" than all other animals. After the horse, the "dog" with a frequency of 64 was used more often than other domestic animals. Meanwhile, Khaghani has 14 times identified himself as a dog. The cow is the third most widely used domestic animal. Khaghani has made 143 images based on 14 species of different insects among which the "bee" with a frequency of 42 times is the most important one since the image of the bee in Persian literature is not widely used. This high frequency of this insect can be considered as one of the stylistic features of his poetic style. After the bee, the "ant" has a frequency of 25. Here, also, the poet has made himself similar to the "ant" rather than all other elements (5 cases).
Khaghani created a total of 69 images based on 6 species of aquatic animals. Of these, the fish, with a frequency of 27, is the most widely used one. In illustrating the "fish", the poet has made himself similar to the "fish" than all other elements. In second place is the "Whale", which has 22 images. In his ode’s, he has also created images of 3 imaginary creatures which are ranked in terms of frequency: the "Simorgh" (38 cases), the "Dragon" (4 cases), and Phoenix (1 case). The most significant element in this section is the poet himself. The main similar aspect of these images is contentment and isolation. Since the "Simorgh" has taken away from the people in the world of poetic imagination, the poet has also had a deep desire to describe himself as the "Simorgh" with features such as contentment and loneliness. Noteworthy that the most important element compared to different animals in Khaghani's odes is Khaghani himself resembled in 233 images. Of these, 175 times the poet himself and 58 times, one of his organs and belongings have been likened to poetry, pen, conscience, memory, luck, sigh, and so on. This amount of self-attention can be influenced by the poet's selfish and arrogant morals
4.Conclusion
Khaghani is a poet who has used a great number of different elements, objects, and phenomena to express his desired themes. This study showed that one of the commonly used elements in imaginary forms of his odes is illustrating different species of animals. In general, he has provided a total of 1177 images based on 86 different  animal species among which the most frequent ones are the "chicken", the "horse", the "dog", the "lion", and the " snake", respectively. Relying on his meaningful taste, Khaghani could de-familiarize some animals, such as the "elephant" and the "lion" to offer them new descriptions. This approach of the poet has caused the novelty of the content and the prominence of the meaning. The most important element that resembles different animals is the poet himself, since in 233 pictures, he has compared himself or one of his members or belongings to an animal.  This can be a sign of the poet's selfish and arrogant spirit. It should be noted that in many animal depictions, Khaghani has been frequently influenced by his personal feelings and emotions, for some animals, such as dogs, donkeys, and cows, which have unpleasant characteristics in public culture, seem to have such good qualities in Khaghani's belief that in some cases, he has resembled himself to them. Besides, in other cases, the proposed appropriateness of the animals and other elements of the image is not accurate and justifiable. In addition, the admiring spirit of the poet has often led him to disregard religious law in connection with the image of the animals.
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